A script that could improve my whole job

Everything RobOctopus said, this is totally doable.

I created a load/preflight script for my group that detects the art on a client proof, replaces all fpo images with high-res links, adds bleed, checks rich blacks, and scales from letter size proofs to production 1:12 or 1:24 scale billboards in over 216 unique sizesk on over 14substrates... all while checking all the usual trap/overprint/etc issues that production art needs for each type of material and press requirements. We tripled our work capacity and reduced prepress time investment by 75% in three months with much of what you are looking to do.

My advice for you is that start by organizing your tasks, put them in the order you wish them to be run and work on each section independently until you're happy with each result... then afterwards combine into the larger "finished" script for deployment. It will make your troubleshooting and dev cycle much easier to manage, and enable you to focus on specific roadblocks you may encounter. It will also give you a "toolbox" of mini scripts that you can use to achieve specific tasks without running the entire script only.

What you have described sounds do-able via scripting. If you would like to learn how to do it yourself, which i definitely recommend as it is easier to troubleshoot problems and you'll learn a skill thats quite invaluable, I would start very simple with some script ideas and expand on it. Things like just making a textframe and put text in it. moving an object somewhere on the document. changing the artboard or adding new ones.

Scripting for Illustrator is built off of a slightly outdated javascript framework and using adobe's own syntax to create a language called Extendscript. Files you create would be .jsx files that are "javascript extended". The general framework for illustrator scripting mirrors the layer structure. If you want to access a text frame inside layer 1. you would targeting the application, then the document, then the layer, then the textframe.

app.activeDocument.layers[0].textFrames[0]

Every element for scripting will have both properties and methods. a property is a readable, usually writable, value of that element. the geometric bounds are a property you can access while looking at the textFrame, the contents of the text frame are a property that can be accessed. A method is a built-in function that that element can perform. textFrame.createOutline() is a function that will convert the targeted textframe to outlined graphics.

var myTextFrame = app.activeDocument.layers[0].textFrames[0]
myTextFrame.contents /*would return whatever the contents are*/
myTextFrame.createOutline() /*would convert the text frame into outline paths*/

For your script you would probably want to utilize a UI window to input some information and then have it create the desired documentation. I have a script setup that does just that for my companies packaging process. every package gets put onto a frame that outlines the specifications for printing, the inks used, the dieline used, and some other information like modification dates. it was originally a non-documented 15-30 min process, if not longer if it was your first time. It's now 30 seconds to a minute at most. 

some resources to get started

Documentation for the illustrator framework. https://ai-scripting.docsforadobe.dev/index.html

The ScriptUI panel can be a tricky thing to understand, someone built a fantastic web tool to assist with making them. https://scriptui.joonas.me/

W3schools isnt the best documentation for javscript but I think it works just fine. Some stuff is too new for the javscript engine that extendscript uses and therefore doesnt exist. https://www.w3schools.com/jsref/default.asp 

For Coding, I use Visual Studio Code to write the scripts. most any texteditor would work though. https://code.visualstudio.com/ 

I started scripting for indesign and illustrator about 4-5 years ago, knowing absolutely nothing. a lot of trial, error, and picking apart other peoples code is how I learned. I would start with some service to learn basic javascript so you can understand strings, objects, arrays, and more. Then once you have a grasp on javascript, dive into the documentation for illustrator and start fiddling around.

Hope this helps! feel free to ask more questions