Blend Modes Not Working on Elements that have Effects Applied

I'm trying to add some texture to shapes for a web illustration. I have 2 layers with identical shapes. I want to apply the grain filter to a gradient on the top layer, then use blend modes to add transparency to see the layer underneath.

When I apply the gradient and filter to the shape in the top player none of the blend modes work. The funny thing is I can see the result I want in the navigator panel—see screenshot.

Can anyone help? I'm using an iMac 2017 on Big Sur 11.2.3. Illustrator V25.2