How to identify bitmap or raster effect in a vector file

You can check window > links for any embedded or linked images but there is no way to tell for sure if a piece of art was originally traced from a bitmap if the bitmap has been deleted. 

If there are lots of random nodes on the paths then it was probably not drawn or traced by a human being but it could be a piece of art that was auto-traced... not necesarrily in that particular file. 

You can try "image trace" & "live paint" under "object". If "release is clickable the original image may be recoverable.

When you go from the Preview mode to the Outline mode through View>Preview (Command (Mac)/Control (PC)-Y) any linework you see is vector. Any empty boxes you see contain a raster effect or a linked or embedded image.

Please tell us what exactly you want to do? Search for all raster effects that have been applied?