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@glenn2001: "I don't see how I can run consecutive removals on different parts of a photo without closing the tool, opening a different tool, and then going back to the remove tool. "
You don't have to open a different tool. Just close the Remove tool by clicking the Edit button at top or the Close button at the bottom of the Remove panel. Then reopen Remove:
I agree it's a klutzy UI design -- I accidentally converted Clones to Remove mode a few times. But the former incarnation of the tool (Heal) worked the same way -- if you applied a Clone and then clicked Content-Aware Remove, the Clone would be converted to Content-Aware. I wonder how many times I did that and never noticed (since it happened instantly)?
I did more tests with respect to the guidelines. I wanted to remove/replace something along the picture's border e.g. replace the white triangle (bottom-left) with the expected tent rope.
I imported the raws in LrC using a preset with lens corrections (default). Unchecking those wouldn't really help: LrC is replacing the content with a similar white item most of the time.
I imported the raw again and without any crop nor transformation, LrC is more likelly to replace the white triangle with some kind of tent rope. While there are examples on the picture to relate to, the results are weird most of the time.
Bug: In all of the cases, LrC won't initially select the whole selected area, espacially at the picture borders. I need to re-select part of it with the Mask Refinement brush.
Note: moving the Heal source, its content does not always appear in the destination. Heal and Clone do not always find similar content. Implementing Alt+Click (cfr. PS) might help?
Tip: Like before, it helps to choose the better result and to use the (e.g. Remove) tool again, instead of clicking Refresh again.
Note: While the 1024 pixel limitation can be overcome in PS, this limitation can't be in Lr. It will only be useful in blurred and darkened areas.
It might be useful to have a Select Object button and a Remove/Replace switch to solve all of this post's related issues.
@ThierryH: "replace the white triangle (bottom-left) with the expected tent rope. I imported the raws in LrC using a preset with lens corrections (default). Unchecking those wouldn't really help: LrC is replacing the content with a similar white item most of the time."
When an object along the edge of a raw photo is consistently replaced by variants of the object rather than surrounding background, that invariably indicates there are hidden pixels. Using the JPEG you attached, the white triangle was replaced by grass and rope on the first try:
further indicating there are hidden pixels along the edge of the raw photo that Remove is matching.
In addition to Crop, Transform, and Lens Corrections (which you said you disabled), there's a fourth way of getting hidden pixels. Many cameras produce raw files that are a little bit bigger than a standard aspect ratio. The Camera Raw engine then automatically crops the image to the standard ratio, and you can't undo that crop (most users don't even know about it). But Remove still looks at the cropped pixels and tries to match them.
For example, your Canon EOS 90D produces raws that are 6984 x 4660 (aspect ratio ~ 1.4987), and LR / Camera Raw automatically crops the raws to 6960 x 4640 (aspect ratio = 1.5 = 3:2). In your example photo, there is a 10 - 12 pixel-wide border that's been cropped out. When you select the white triangle, unless you also select the hidden white pixels in that border, Remove will try to match them with white replacements.
Luckily you can select those hidden pixels with careful brushing. See this post (linked from the tutorial article) for details on how to do that:
If that doesn't help, then please attach the original raw here, or if the forum doesn't let you, upload it to Dropbox, Google Drive, or similar and include the sharing link.
Adobe knows about the issue with Crop -- one of the tips shown in LR say to Remove then Crop. I don't know if Adobe is aware of the similar problems that occur with Lens Corrections, Transform, and the invisible initial Camera Raw cropping. Removing distracting objects from the edges of photos is a very common use case, as exemplified by all the posts her, and currently Remove is very fussy about it. Many or most users will never know to disable Crop, Lens Corrections, and Transform and then to select the automatically cropped borders.
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