Define patterns for all layers

You could give this a try:

// create patterns from layers;

// 2017, use it at your own risk;

#target photoshop

var theLayers = collectLayers(app.activeDocument, []);

// hide layers;

for (var n = 0; n < theLayers.length; n++) {theLayers.visible = false};

// create patterns;

for (var m = 0; m < theLayers.length; m++) {

theLayers.visible = true;

createPattern(theLayers.name)

theLayers.visible = false;

};

////// function collect all layers //////

function collectLayers (theParent, allLayers) {

if (!allLayers) {var allLayers = new Array}  

else {};

for (var m = theParent.layers.length - 1; m >= 0;m--) {

var theLayer = theParent.layers;

// apply the function to layersets;

if (theLayer.typename == "ArtLayer") {

allLayers.push(theLayer);

} 

else { 

allLayers = (collectLayers(theLayer, allLayers))

// this line includes the layer groups;

//allLayers.push(theLayer);

}

};

return allLayers

};

////// pattern //////

function createPattern(theName) {

    var desc6 = new ActionDescriptor();

        var ref3 = new ActionReference();

        ref3.putClass( charIDToTypeID('Ptrn') );

    desc6.putReference( charIDToTypeID('null'), ref3 );

        var ref4 = new ActionReference();

        ref4.putProperty( charIDToTypeID('Prpr'), charIDToTypeID('fsel') );

        ref4.putEnumerated( charIDToTypeID('Dcmn'), charIDToTypeID('Ordn'), charIDToTypeID('Trgt') );

    desc6.putReference( charIDToTypeID('Usng'), ref4 );

    desc6.putString( charIDToTypeID('Nm  '), theName );

    executeAction( charIDToTypeID('Mk  '), desc6, DialogModes.NO );

};

Ps. To clarify the above answer, I gave up saving each layer as a pattern. Rather, I saved each layer as an individual image in a folder, then used that folder location in the batch for the pattern making script.