Desaturation of image after export (any file format)

No, don't do it like that. It could break other things. Don't touch the "Advanced "tab - this is done under the "Devices" tab.

Yes, Per was right, this is a defective monitor profile. But you change the system default monitor profile here:

With that setting under the "Advanced" tab, all monitor profiles are considered invalid and thrown out by Windows. With luck, the Windows default, which is sRGB IEC61966-2.1, should kick in, but no guarantees.

The correct way to do it is per my screenshot above.

But the solution to the problem, the real solution, is to use a calibrator to make a profile based on actual measurement of your display. A generic profile like sRGB is only used if you don't have a calibrator, as a temporary fix.

It says untagged RGB

That means that the file doesn't have an embedded profile, and you are working without color management.

When creating a new document,  you have to assign a profile, sRGB is the safe choice.

In Photoshop's color settings, make sure that that the RGB working space is set to Adobe RGB or sRGB, and that Preserve embedded profiles is chosen under Color management policies. Alsco check Ask when opening for missing profiles.

When exporting, make sure to check both Convert to sRGB and Embed profile. The latter is unfortunately not checked by default.

Now try to create a new file from scratch, and let us know how it goes.

The Photos app displays my CMYK files reasonably correct on my standard gamut monitor, and over saturated on my wide gamut monitor. IOW, exactly the same way it displays RGB files, regardless of the embedded profile.

So to me, this looks like a wildly inaccurate monitor profile.

The only color screenshot we have is from InDesign, so we need to see a screenshot of the entire Photoshop window with an image open, and the status bar set to display Document Profile.

While the above answers are correct, there's something really odd here. These posted examples don't correspond to any "normal" color space mismatch.

Are these CMYK files? No consumer-oriented image viewer that I know of has any CMYK support at all. Windows "Photos" certainly doesn't. The files will display, but in a completely random manner with unpredictable colors.

If, OTOH, these are RGB files, then we need to see what the embedded document profile is:

As Stephen wrote:

Adobe applications use colour management* to provide continuous appearance, for some unfathomable reason. Windows "Photos" app does not.

   *A colour management savvy application reads the document (image?) profile and the monitor screen display (or printer) profile (or both) and compensates and outputs the data accordingly. This is called "device independent colour management" 

This means that Windows Photos is unsuitable for viewing images. 

There are alternative image viewers which are colour managed on the Microsoft platform. I hope someone will post a list here for you

I hope this helps
neil barstow, colourmanagement net :: adobe forum volunteer
google me "neil barstow colourmanagement" for lots of free articles on colour management
[please only use the blue reply button at the top of the page, this maintains the original thread title and chronological order of posts]

Looks like a case of simple colour management.

Photoshop is colour managed. MS Photos is not.

If your Adobe Photoshop or InDesign files are set to use Adobe RGB or a wider colour space which is not similar to the gamut of your monitor space, then the images will appear desaturated.

You can choose to continue to work in a wider gamut space in Adobe apps, however, exporting/saving files should be converted to say sRGB first. If this is all too much work for you and you wish to work in sRGB, then that is another option.