EDITING

Looking at the image, I'd guess a posterize or threshold or photocopy filter or similar followed by a halftone conversion, either a filter, pattern or via bitmap mode conversion options.

I got pretty far with just a few quick edits. The starting image was synthesized using Generative Fill.

1. Apply the Halftone filter in Filter > Filter Gallery.

2. Mess it up a little more with the Graphic Pen filter in Filter > Filter Gallery.

3. Adjust curves to simulate the lower dynamic range of a photocopy on paper.

If you want to break it up to make it look a little more like a collage, you can cut up your image to put pieces on different layers, then use Edit > Transform > Warp, or Filter > Liquify, or apply any other distortions or distressed effect filters you need.

• What exactly are you looking to do? Is it just the halftone processing look, or the compositing? As far as the halftone, your posted image looks to be mad from an actual halftone screen and not digitally. The shadows and highlights are clipped, which indicates that the halftone was made without a flash exposure nor a no screen exposure, which are used to control the shadow and highlight dots. There might be a way to digitally do this.

Collage, painting, adjustments, filters, … 

I would not expect a one-click-solution to provide a »good« result.