How make image from Adobe Bridge sharpening mask?

If you don't need an exact replica you can create a similar effect.

Note the mask you are seeing is invoked with the alt/opt key while sliding the mask slider.

Here I have opened the image in Photoshop, converted it to a smart object (so I can adjust the filter easily)

The filter I used is Find Edges and the blend mode on the smart filter is Vivid Light.

The top layers are an Invert Adjustment Layer and a BW Adjustment Layer

The "effect" is shown left while the Mask in ACR is shown right.

In Photoshop

To change the blend mode of the Smart Filter, double click the slider looking icon in the lower right of the filter layer. In this example its called Find Edges.

Here's a sample of taking multiple screen shots and using align images to make a higher res image. If you open the image in Bridge by right-clicking and selecting: "Open in Camera Raw," you can then use PS to copy and paste, while the image is still open in ACR.

Other than taking a screen capture, I don't know of any way to do that. You could enlarge the image then take multiple screen captures and piece them back together for a higher res image.