How to write this script

I have no information about what your file requirements are, what version of Photoshop and other things... Therefore, I am writing my own solution, which will definitely work in the latest version of Photoshop. If necessary, you can make changes and adapt it yourself.

Required preparation:

1. Create layout with numbers from 0 to 9. You can use any colors, any shapes, the main thing is that:

a) one layer contains one number

b) the layer is named as the same number that is shown on it (no additional characters)

c) the layers are located one above others

2. Create digit groups. Name the group with ones "1", the group with tens "10", the group with hundreds "100", and so on. Each group should contain inside it layers with numbers from 0 to 9 (the ones you created in step 1)

3. Arrange groups with numbers in your layout as you like 4.

4. BE SURE to select these groups before running the script (the script polls only the selected layers)

6. Run script

#target photoshop
var apl = new AM('application'),
    doc = new AM('document'),
    lr = new AM('layer');
if (apl.getProperty('numberOfDocuments')) {
    if (doc.getProperty('numberOfLayers')) {
        var targetLayers = doc.hasProperty('targetLayersIDs') ? doc.getProperty('targetLayersIDs') : [],
            pth = (doc.getProperty('fileReference')).path,
            selection = [];
        if (targetLayers) {
            for (var i = 0; i < targetLayers.count; i++) {
                var id = targetLayers.getReference(i).getIdentifier(stringIDToTypeID('layerID'))
                if (lr.getProperty('layerKind', id) == 7) selection.push(id)
            }
        }
        if (selection) {
            var digits = collectLayers(selection);
            for (var i = 153942; i <= 153950; i++) makeFile(i, digits, selection)
        }
    }
}
function collectLayers(s, o) {
    o = o ? o : {};
    for (var i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
        o[Number(lr.getProperty('name', s[i]))] = getLayersList(s[i]);
    }
    return o;
    function getLayersList(id) {
        var idx = lr.getProperty('itemIndex', id),
            indexFrom = doc.getProperty('hasBackgroundLayer') ? --idx : idx,
            o = {};
        for (var i = indexFrom; i >= 1; i--) {
            var layerSection = lr.getProperty('layerSection', i, true).value
            if (layerSection == 'layerSectionStart') continue;
            if (layerSection == 'layerSectionEnd') break;
            o[Number(lr.getProperty('name', i, true))] = lr.getProperty('layerID', i, true);
        }
        return o
    }
}
function setDigits(o, digit) {
    var ids = []
    for (var a in o) ids.push(o[a])
    doc.visiblity(ids)
    doc.visiblity([o[digit]], true)
}
function makeFile(n, o, digits) {
    var fixed = '';
    for (var i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) fixed += '0'
    var num = (fixed + String(n)).substr(-digits.length),
        len = num.length - 1,
        div = 1;
    for (var i = len; i >= 0; i--) {
        var cur = Number(num.substr(i, 1))
        setDigits(o[div], cur)
        div = div * 10
    }
    doc.saveAsPDF(File(pth + '/' + num))
}
function AM(target, order) {
    var s2t = stringIDToTypeID,
        t2s = typeIDToStringID;
    target = target ? s2t(target) : null;
    this.getProperty = function (property, id, idxMode) {
        property = s2t(property);
        (r = new ActionReference()).putProperty(s2t('property'), property);
        id != undefined ? (idxMode ? r.putIndex(target, id) : r.putIdentifier(target, id)) :
            r.putEnumerated(target, s2t('ordinal'), order ? s2t(order) : s2t('targetEnum'));
        return getDescValue(executeActionGet(r), property)
    }
    this.hasProperty = function (property, id, idxMode) {
        property = s2t(property);
        (r = new ActionReference()).putProperty(s2t('property'), property);
        id ? (idxMode ? r.putIndex(target, id) : r.putIdentifier(target, id))
            : r.putEnumerated(target, s2t('ordinal'), order ? s2t(order) : s2t('targetEnum'));
        return executeActionGet(r).hasKey(property)
    }
    this.descToObject = function (d) {
        var o = {}
        for (var i = 0; i < d.count; i++) {
            var k = d.getKey(i)
            o[t2s(k)] = getDescValue(d, k)
        }
        return o
    }
    this.selectLayerByIDList = function (IDList) {
        var ref = new ActionReference()
        for (var i = 0; i < IDList.length; i++) {
            ref.putIdentifier(s2t('layer'), IDList[i])
        }
        var desc = new ActionDescriptor()
        desc.putReference(s2t('target'), ref)
        desc.putBoolean(s2t('makeVisible'), false)
        executeAction(s2t('select'), desc, DialogModes.NO)
    }
    this.visiblity = function (ids, show) {
        var mode = show ? 'show' : 'hide',
            r = new ActionReference();
        do { r.putIdentifier(s2t('layer'), ids.shift()) } while (ids.length)
        (l = new ActionList()).putReference(r);
        (d = new ActionDescriptor()).putList(s2t("target"), l);
        executeAction(s2t(mode), d, DialogModes.NO);
    }
    this.saveAsPDF = function (fle) {
        (d = new ActionDescriptor()).putObject(s2t("as"), s2t("photoshopPDFFormat"), new ActionDescriptor());
        d.putPath(s2t("in"), fle);
        d.putBoolean(s2t("copy"), true);
        d.putBoolean(s2t("layers"), false);
        d.putEnumerated(s2t("saveStage"), s2t("saveStageType"), s2t("saveBegin"));
        executeAction(s2t("save"), d, DialogModes.NO);
    }
    function getDescValue(d, p) {
        switch (d.getType(p)) {
            case DescValueType.OBJECTTYPE: return { type: t2s(d.getObjectType(p)), value: d.getObjectValue(p) };
            case DescValueType.LISTTYPE: return d.getList(p);
            case DescValueType.REFERENCETYPE: return d.getReference(p);
            case DescValueType.BOOLEANTYPE: return d.getBoolean(p);
            case DescValueType.STRINGTYPE: return d.getString(p);
            case DescValueType.INTEGERTYPE: return d.getInteger(p);
            case DescValueType.LARGEINTEGERTYPE: return d.getLargeInteger(p);
            case DescValueType.DOUBLETYPE: return d.getDouble(p);
            case DescValueType.ALIASTYPE: return d.getPath(p);
            case DescValueType.CLASSTYPE: return d.getClass(p);
            case DescValueType.UNITDOUBLE: return (d.getUnitDoubleValue(p));
            case DescValueType.ENUMERATEDTYPE: return { type: t2s(d.getEnumerationType(p)), value: t2s(d.getEnumerationValue(p)) };
            default: break;
        };
    }
}

At the moment, you see in the script a loop that generates numbers from 153942 to 153950.

for (var i = 153942; i <= 153950; i++) makeFile(i, digits, selection)

Just change them to the values that you need. The file on which I tested this script (with an example of layering) is attached.