I want to disable preview during the action

This isn't something I've given much thought, but it seems to me to already work as you request.

When I run batch actions, which I do all the time, the individual steps are not shown on screen. Usually the files are just grayed out and shown as "shadow frames" until the whole process is finished.

I have not changed any settings in the actions panel, so it's all default. This is PS 25.1 and Win 10. I'll have to look more closely the next time.

If you want to speed up action then collapse Layers panel and action. If action is expanded and Layers panel visible it will waste time and money to draw thumbs and move them as proceeding.

I am not aware of a way to do what you want.

Depending on the layer structure and action, one could add a solid fill layer to "hide" everything and then remove the solid fill layer at the end of the action (presuming it didn't interfere with anything else).

Or you could insert the zoom multiple times into 12,800% view before running the action, then fit to screen afterwards.

I'll keep thinking about it, in scripting one can force a refresh of the screen, but I don't recall the opposite.

I am not sure what you are referring to. What previews, can you record a short video and post it here?

Maybe you are referring to the fact that the action is playing with a delay between steps? In that case click on the three dots in the upper right of the Actions panel > Playback Options > check Accelerated > OK.