Pattern

The only thing i can see from your screenshot is that one of the patterns is a US dollar bill and in general US currency is not permitted in photoshop. (there are exceptions)

Try switching to another Pattern folder and see if that makes a difference.

It works fine for me with latest 22.1.0 release of Photoshop on Windows. Have you tried reseting preferences what is general advice for all things weird in Photoshop? Save any unsaved preset and actions before reseting preferences.

If zou drag pattern from Window > Patterns it should create pattern fill layer, by the way.

Could you please post a meaningful screenshot with the pertinent Panels (Document Bar, Toolbar, Layers, Patterns, Options Bar, …) visible? 

So far we cannot even tell what the image’s Color Mode or Bit Depth are.