Photoshop effect

[BobWillSee]

Does anyone know what this effect is called?

[c.pfaffenbichler]

The patterning looks like a patterend bitmap version of the image and gradient. 

Depending on how closely you want to adhere to this appearance you could emulate it with a Hard Mix Pattern Layer. 

[BobWillSee]

Thanks. I'm not an expert at these programs but this definitely gives me a
name to start searching for. Appreciated 🙏

[Grant H]

You can also research Halftone effects. Using the effect in PS and a combination of a few other steps you can get a similar result.

/G

[didiermazier]

You could do the following regarding main character :

Smart object > Greyscale > levels >Bitmap > Halftone (settings changing according to your spécific image resolution)

 

Result

Color overlay

result :