Toggling between your two images, and after doing some experimenting, it looks to me like all layers do in fact get cropped, and the text layer appears to maintain its positioning, but…the layer with the radial gradient appears to not be cropped because, after the off-center crop, the gradient effect is re-centering itself within the smaller cropped layer dimensions. The text layer, of course, doesn’t move, so the radial gradient becomes un-aligned with the text and the document.
In your document it looks like the radial gradient applied as a Gradient Overlay layer effect. I don’t see any options that can “lock” the positioning of the gradient overlay effect. So I am not sure if there is a way to make this not happen.
(A Gradient Fill layer, which does not appear to be used in your document, can have an Align to Layer setting, but when I try it, that also does not seem to prevent a radial gradient from re-centering after crop. That might be a bug.)
So what can you do? If this was happening to me, I would work around it by adding one of these steps (not both):
- Before cropping, select the layer and choose Layer > Rasterize > Layer Style. Because this will convert it from a nondestructive effect to rendered pixels, it will stay where it is during cropping like any normal image. The problem with this workaround is that the gradient will no longer be editable except by doing it over.
- After cropping, open the Gradient Overlay effect, move the pointer outside the Layer Style dialog box and drag the gradient to reposition it where you need it to be after the crop. But this is a hassle too.
Consider submitting this as a bug in the Bugs section of this community.