Transform Tool Not Actually Resizing Layer

When I select the transform tool, it allows me to resize the layer, but the actual contents of the layer does not expand in size. For example, I have a white rectangular box that I'm just trying to make larger for a background layer. When I go to transform, it gives me the box, I am able to make the box larger, and the transformation is applied according to the properties tab where it shows the sizing and everything. However, it's not actually making the rectangle bigger, it's essentailly just creating a larger invisible boarder around the original layer. I'm hitting enter after resizing and everything, but it's effectively acting as if I didn't resize it at all (visually). I'm trying to insert the layer behind a logo, which I have in .jpeg, and when I add a layer it's the same size as the .jpeg. However, when I go to resize, it goes through the process but the layer remains unchanged.