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A much much faster version for the set() function 
function RawPixels(doc)
{
this.doc = doc;
var tmp1 = app.preferences.rulerUnits;
var tmp2 = app.activeDocument;
app.preferences.rulerUnits = Units.PIXELS;
app.activeDocument = doc;
this.width = Number(doc.width.value);
this.height = Number(doc.height.value);
this.length = this.width * this.height;
this.red = new Array(this.height);
this.green = new Array(this.height);
this.blue = new Array(this.height);
app.preferences.rulerUnits = tmp1;
try {
var file = new File(Folder.temp.fsName + "/" + Math.random().toString().substr(2) + ".raw");
var d = new ActionDescriptor();
var d1 = new ActionDescriptor();
d1.putString(stringIDToTypeID("fileCreator"), "8BIM");
d1.putBoolean(stringIDToTypeID("channelsInterleaved"), false);
d.putObject(stringIDToTypeID("as"), stringIDToTypeID("rawFormat"), d1);
d.putPath(stringIDToTypeID("in"), file);
d.putBoolean(stringIDToTypeID("copy"), false);
executeAction(stringIDToTypeID("save"), d, DialogModes.NO);
var w = this.width;
var h = this.height;
file.open("r");
file.encoding = "BINARY";
for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) this.red = file.read(w);
for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) this.green = file.read(w);
for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) this.blue = file.read(w);
var err = file.error;
file.close();
file.remove();
file = null;
if (err) alert(err);
}
catch (e) { alert(e); }
app.activeDocument = tmp2;
}
RawPixels.prototype.get = function(x, y)
{
if (y == undefined)
{
y = Math.floor(x/this.width);
x = x - y*this.width;
}
if (y >= this.height) return undefined;
if (x >= this.width) return undefined;
return [ this.red
.charCodeAt(x), this.green .charCodeAt(x), this.blue .charCodeAt(x) ]; }
RawPixels.prototype.set = function(p, x, y)
{
if (y == undefined)
{
y = Math.floor(x/this.width);
x = x - y*this.width;
}
if (y >= this.height) return undefined;
if (x >= this.width) return undefined;
this.red
= this.red .substr(0,x) + String.fromCharCode(p[0]) + this.red .substr(x+1); this.green
= this.green .substr(0,x) + String.fromCharCode(p[1]) + this.green .substr(x+1); this.blue
= this.blue .substr(0,x) + String.fromCharCode(p[2]) + this.blue .substr(x+1); return true;
}
RawPixels.prototype.create_layer = function()
{
try {
var file = new File(Folder.temp.fsName + "/" + Math.random().toString().substr(2) + ".raw");
file.open("w");
file.encoding = "BINARY";
var h = this.height;
for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) file.write(this.red );
for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) file.write(this.green);
for (var i = 0; i < h; i++) file.write(this.blue );
var err = file.error;
file.close();
if (err) { file.remove(); alert(err); return; }
var d = new ActionDescriptor();
d.putPath(stringIDToTypeID("null"), file);
var d1 = new ActionDescriptor();
d1.putInteger(stringIDToTypeID("width"), this.width);
d1.putInteger(stringIDToTypeID("height"), this.height);
d1.putInteger(stringIDToTypeID("channels"), 3);
d1.putBoolean(stringIDToTypeID("channelsInterleaved"), false);
d1.putInteger(stringIDToTypeID("depth"), 8);
d.putObject(stringIDToTypeID("as"), stringIDToTypeID("rawFormat"), d1);
executeAction(stringIDToTypeID("open"), d, DialogModes.NO);
app.activeDocument.activeLayer.duplicate(this.doc.layers[0], ElementPlacement.PLACEBEFORE);
app.activeDocument.close(SaveOptions.DONOTSAVECHANGES);
app.activeDocument = this.doc;
this.doc.layers[0].name = "Pixels";
file.remove();
}
catch (e) { alert(e); }
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// SOME TESTS /////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
$.hiresTimer;
var p = new RawPixels(app.activeDocument);
alert("Init RawPixels in " + ($.hiresTimer/1000000).toFixed(2) + " seconds");
alert("Pixel 0 =\n\n" + p.get(0));
var a = new Array();
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) a.push(p.get(i));
alert("Pixel 0-99 = \n\n" + a.toSource());
p.set([1,200,3],0);
alert("New Pixel 0=\n\n" + p.get(0));
$.hiresTimer;
var n = 100000;
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) p.get(i);
alert("Processed get " + n + " pixels in " + ($.hiresTimer/1000000).toFixed(2) + " seconds");
$.hiresTimer;
var n = 200;
for (var x = 0; x < n; x++)
for (var y = 0; y < n; y++)
p.set([255,20,70], x*2, y*2);
alert("Processed set " + n*n + " pixels in " + ($.hiresTimer/1000000).toFixed(2) + " seconds");
p.create_layer();
alert("New layer created with new pixels");
UPD:
// invert image
$.hiresTimer;
var w = p.width;
var h = p.height;
for (var x = 0; x < w; x++)
for (var y = 0; y < h; y++)
{
var px = p.get(x, y);
px[0] = 255-px[0];
px[1] = 255-px[1];
px[2] = 255-px[2];
p.set(px, x, y);
}
p.create_layer();
alert("Processed get-set " + w*h + " pixels in " + ($.hiresTimer/1000000).toFixed(2) + " seconds");
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