Locked Background layers by default

An old topic, however, as it was bumped.

Photoshop ships with this by default, it just needs to be activated in the Scripts Events Manager, no need to make an action or script as the script comes with the default installation of Photoshop. Of course, if you want a different name than the document name with extension, then you will need a custom action or script.

This default script can be found in your program/application folder – Adobe Photoshop 2024/Presets/Scripts/Event Scripts Only/Open As Layer.jsx

There is a modified version floating around that removes the filename extension:

// (c) Copyright 2008.  Adobe Systems, Incorporated.  All rights reserved.

/*
@@@BUILDINFO@@@ OpenAsLayer.jsx 1.1.0.0
*/

var begDesc = "$$$/JavaScripts/OpenAsLayer/Description=Assign this to the open document event. This will promote a document with only a background layer to a layer with the document name." // endDesc


// on localized builds we pull the $$$/Strings from a .dat file, see documentation for more details
$.localize = true;

var stripExtension = true;

if ( app.documents.length > 0 ) {
	var doc = activeDocument;
	if ( doc.layers.length == 1 && doc.activeLayer.isBackgroundLayer ) {
		doc.activeLayer.isBackgroundLayer = false;
		var docNameNoExtension = doc.name;
		if (stripExtension) {
			var extensionIndex = docNameNoExtension.lastIndexOf (".");
			if (extensionIndex != -1) {
				docNameNoExtension = docNameNoExtension.substr(0, extensionIndex);
			}
		}
		doc.activeLayer.name = docNameNoExtension;
	}
}

Save this script as .js file and add an Event as "Open File" (see Bojan Živković reply)

// Check if there is an open document
if (app.documents.length > 0) {
var doc = app.activeDocument; // Get the active document

// Check if the active layer is the background layer
if (doc.activeLayer.isBackgroundLayer) {
// Directly unlock the background layer by renaming it
doc.activeLayer.isBackgroundLayer = false;
doc.activeLayer.name = "Layer 0"; // Rename the layer
} else {
alert("The active layer is not the background layer.");
}
} else {
alert("There are no open documents.");
}

I think the initial question was for automate this task without shortcut or script stuff. Because a simple double click can unlock the background layer 🙂

No Photoshop background layer does not support transparency.  Its transparency will always be locked. The layer is not fully locked.  To get rid of the transparency lock you must convert the background layer to a normal layer it will not longer be a background layer and other can be moved below the normal layer that once was the bottom background layer.