P: "Disable home screen" not working

Thanks for this trick !

Well spotted, the issue only occurs when closing the last open document when in full screen mode. I normally work in full screen so assumed it was happening all the time.
I'm running PS on Windows so it's not an issue that only effects Mac users. Hopefully a fix will be made soon. In the mean time Dale Headrick's action workaround (below) works well.

Same here, iMac 27 2017 — High Sierra 10.13.6

It's intermittent now (instead of constant) after doing several uninstalls/reinstalls, and using the Adobe ancient file killer utility.  I thought the App Frame On or Off had something to do with it, but turns out not to be the case.  I guess it's just another one of those annoyances we'll have to put up with until the next update.

NOTE:  I've come up with a quick keystroke workaround for this —if you're not having any luck getting rid of it quickly when it pops up on Save and Close— and that is to create an Action that changes your custom Workspace to one of the default Workspaces (I chose Essentials), then back to yours again.  Presto!  It's gone!

Well now you all have done it. Made me reenable that Home Screen and Adobe has gone and engraved that Home Screen in stone. Even a cold boot won't remove the dang thing. <sigh> But the ESC key works again. I guess I'll live, but it's a nuisance.

BTW, I tried this both with and without the Home Screen enabled. Same results, down to the ESC key not functioning. Full Screen view is to be avoided at all costs when you close an image, I guess, until they fix this.

Oh my. You did find it! This is a definite bug. I use the App Frame. Guess what? If I hit the F key twice to go full screen, then Cmd-W to close the image, not only do I get that blasted Home Screen, the ESC key fails to work! How many exclamation points can I use?!!!!! LOL
 
No, no, no. This is terrible. I can get to Bridge, thank goodness, but I shouldn't be there at all with no ESC function, either.

Cristen : Try this with Home Screen disabled in preferences.
Open a picture, make full screen (pretty usefull for working  with two screen, main for image, second for settings panels...).As soon as you close your picture, this damned screen is back and obstructive, you cannot choose an other picture, in Bridge or Finder (if you don't use the Application Frame for fast action !)... Pffff...

Illustrator already did that. Hopefully PS will see that as a bonus to getting users to use the Home screen and implement it. Along with the fact that Recent Files is useless if you accidentally open 20 images, or have to open a lot when you only want a few of those to hang around, etc. So if they also make the list editable, they'll have a real feature there.  '-}

I would prefer it if we had the option to allow the Home Screen to appear only when we summon it from the Home Button.

If I turn Home Screen off in the Prefs., I don't get the Home button in the Options Bar so I can't summon the Home Screen when I do need it.

Having Home Screen operational, slows down the Ps launch and can interfere with opening or  placing from Bridge.

That's exactly what happened to me. Nothing on launch, but there as soon as I closed all documents. Restarting Photoshop didn't fix it—only restarting my entire computer did. That's why I'm wondering if it's different for different versions of the OS. It sounds here like it's a Mac problem, but is it only Mojave that won't respond to a cold boot of the computer?

I haven't seen it come back at all — fingers crossed.  '-}