How to remove layer color options in menu?

I rearranged your thread from Discussions to Ideas conversation type.

Alternatively, you could install the following scripts to copy and paste layer effects and assign custom keyboard shortcuts to them.

COPY:

// app.runMenuItem(stringIDToTypeID('copyEffects'));
// or
var idcopyEffects = stringIDToTypeID( "copyEffects" );
executeAction( idcopyEffects, undefined, DialogModes.NO );

PASTE:

// app.runMenuItem(stringIDToTypeID('pasteEffects'));
// or
var idpasteEffects = stringIDToTypeID( "pasteEffects" );
    var desc1033 = new ActionDescriptor();
    var idallowPasteFXOnLayerSet = stringIDToTypeID( "allowPasteFXOnLayerSet" );
    desc1033.putBoolean( idallowPasteFXOnLayerSet, true );
executeAction( idpasteEffects, desc1033, DialogModes.NO );

INSTRUCTIONS:

Downloading and Installing Adobe Scripts

Similar for Actions, you can insert the menu item for copy and paste styles and have them in an action which also offers different keyboard shortcuts.

It depends on where you contextually click... Different behaviour for the eye icon, layer preview icon, layer name text and the "fx" at the far right. You probably want to right click the "fx".