Can I use an image I licensed on my personal Adobe Stock account for a company I am contracted with?

Read the licensing terms.

My understanding: Your company just needs to accept that you licensed the asset on their behalf and that they engage themselves in respecting the licensing terms. See here: https://community.adobe.com/t5/stock-discussions/transfer-license-to-a-client/td-p/11990240

Look here for more information on licensing: https://community.adobe.com/t5/stock/links-for-licensing-terms/td-p/11366788
(Disclaimer: As always with licensing, this is my interpretation of the rules. I think they are correct and advice is based on reading and interpreting the licence terms and on fair use for both the buyer and the artist/stock company, but I cannot rule out that my interpretation is wrong. I'm not an Adobe employee).