Issue regarding the subscription and payment

Go to https://account.adobe.com/plans and check what plans are there. You did cancel Creative Cloud, according to your screenshot, but you probably also booked Adobe stock, which is a separate plan, and needs to be cancelled separately. 

In all cases, I would suggest, you contact Adobe customer care. German support is svailable during office hours. Adobe customer care can be contacted by beginning a secure chat session at https://helpx.adobe.com/contact.html?rghtup=autoOpen. Pop-up blockers need to be disabled, you need to accept cookies! If the chat window fails to open, or is non-responsive, use a different device and/or browser to start the interaction.

For support via Twitter:
https://twitter.com/AdobeCare

(see also here: https://community.adobe.com/t5/creative-cloud-services/how-to-contact-adobe-support/td-p/11875703 or here
https://community.adobe.com/t5/account-payment-plan/how-to-contact-adobe-support/td-p/11843852)

Important: Adobe does NOT contact you unsolicited by e-mail or direct message. If you get contacted by direct message from a person, claiming to be an Adobe employee, look at that profile and check if they bear the “Adobe Employee” marking under their name. Adobe support does not use Skype to give you support.
If in doubt, ask the forum.

Did you subscribe to Creative Cloud or Adobe Stock? The email seems to imply that it was a Creative Cloud subscription, in which case this is the wrong forum in which to ask the question.