Use Adobe Stock without a CC license?

Yes, you do not need any Adobe product to use Adobe stock, even that Adobe stock is integrated in the Adobe world. But buying a Stock subscription is independent. Look here for available plans and options: https://stock.adobe.com/plans

Kindly note that you can buy credit packs without a subscription, or you can also buy a subscription on the month (not to be confounded with an annual subscription paid on the month). Read carefully the terms and conditions and update this thread if you have further questions.