A question about effect and translation on layer.

I may be misunderstanding your question, but it depends on the layer type. 

If the layer is a vector / has continuous rasterisation on, then applied effects receive the layer buffer after the transforms have happened.

If the layer is an AV layer or doesn't have cont raster on, then the applied effects receive the layer buffer before effects are applied. For example, if you have an enourmous layer but it's scaled down very small, the effect will process the huge original size layer because it got the layer buffer before the scale down was applied.