There is no blockage. After Effects, as it is currently designed, renders one frame at a time using only the CPU power that is required to render that frame. Some effects are GPU accelerated, but most are not. If you have MPEG footage or footage that requires some extra processing to decode then another core will take on that kind of work. So the long and short of it is that you have to learn how to work within your system resources for previews and setting up your compositions. The good news is that there are a couple of options for rendering that will really speed up that part of the process. My current favorite is Render Garden. It will utilize as many cores as you have available by opening up a render-only copy of AE in the background and then cutting the comp into equal sections and rendering all of them at the same time. When the pieces are all rendered Render Gastitchestches them together in just a few seconds. On my system, I'm seeing more than a 60% improvement in render times and I can still keep working in AE without any noticeable impact on performance. If you are spending a lot of time rendering complex compositions you should take a look here: RenderGarden | by Mekajiki