Accessing Files in Bridge

This is not the fault of Adobe or anyone; this is Apple making sure that applications that have not been given permission to access areas of your computer cannot access those areas of your computer. The screenshots below are from Sequoia and may not look exactly as they do in the latest OS, but they should be good enough.

Sequoia

Go to your Mac's Settings, and search for "security." That will get you to the settings that Apple uses to let you bypass their default "vault" protection. (This is a good thing.)

Starting off, you see this, note I have three things marked out.

Starting from the 2nd, Full Disk Access, if you select that, you'll see all of the applications that have been granted Full Disk Access. If you see Acrobat but it is not turned on, click on the switch on the far right side. If you do not see Acrobat, click on the "+" symbol on the bottom, locate Acrobat to add it, then turn on the switch.

Next go to Accessibility, same conditions as above.

Lastly, go to Files & Folders, this should already be set but depending on where it's located (such as a server), you may have to set this as well.

Again, all of the above may have already been done by you, but it's wise to check.