I can't launch any application

Problem solved!

The solution was given by the Chat Support

1) Uninstall all Adobe software from your computer
https://helpx.adobe.com/fr/creative-cloud/kb/uninstall-or-remove-creative-cloud-apps-while-offline.html

Last uninstall the Creative Cloud Desktop Manager

https://helpx.adobe.com/fr/creative-cloud/help/uninstall-creative-cloud-desktop-app.html

Restart your computer

Run Creative Cloud cleaner (Adobe's software), downloadable from https://helpx.adobe.com/fr/photoshop-elements/kb/elements-installation-error-CC-cleaner-tool.html

Restart your computer

2) Bring up Windows hidden files: http://is.gd/windows_hidden

3) Delete the following folders :
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Adobe\OOBE
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Adobe\SLCache
C:\ProgramData\Adobe\SLStore
C:\Programmes\Common Files\Adobe\OOBE (If present)
C:\Programmes\Common Files\Adobe\AAMUpdaterInventory (If present)
C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Local\Adobe\OOBE
C:\Users\\%user%AppData\Local\Adobe\AAMUpdater\1.0

NB: if the file is in use and cannot be deleted, restart the machine in Safe Mode to delete the folders.
Go to http://support.microsoft.com/kb/929135/fr
Click on "Contents" then on "Procedure to start in Safe Mode".

4) Empty the Trash (very important)

5) Check the write permissions on the following folders:

C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Adobe
C:\Users\%user%\AppData\Local\Adobe\

Right-click on these folders and go to "Properties"

At the bottom of the "General" tab, opposite "Attributes", uncheck the "Read Only" checkbox

Click "Apply"

If you are asked what to do with the sub-folders, select "Apply to all sub-folders".

Click on "Ok"

6) Login with Chrome to your account at Adobe.com, go to your applications and restart the Creative Cloud download.