What's Going on with my Image Preview? Weird Pathfinder Behavior

I keep getting the weird result shown in the first picture when I use minus front with the pathfinder. (The text is outlined and on top of the rectangle.) Notice how the T and U are messed up. In outline mode, though, it looks fine. All of my paths were closed before using minus front. The same thing happens when I build this using the shape builder tool. Does anyone know what's going on here?

Restarting the program and resetting my preferences didn't help, and I don't know how to troubleshoot this from here.