Yesterday I've bought the Canon Powershot SX60 HS. Today i've taken a few pictures in RAW. Now I can't use them because Photoshop gives a message that I've the wrond version Camera Raw. The version of the plug-in is 6.7.0.339. So i've download from t

So i've download from the site version DNGConverter 9.1, from Adobe - Adobe Camera Raw and DNG Converter : For Windows : Adobe DNG Converter 9.1 : Thank You  and try to install. After the install i've get the message succesfull. But when I look in Photoshop, there is still the version 6.7.0.339.

You've done everything correctly but the DNG converter is not intended to update the Camera Raw plug-in in Photoshop. It is used to convert Raw files from your camera to DNG format. Then you can edit the DNG files in CS5.

Your CS5 is only compatible with Camera Raw up to version 6.7. To open Raw files from your camera you need Camera Raw 8.7 but that version will not work with CS5.

Options:

1. Join the Cloud, or
2. Upgrade to CS6, or
3. FREE OPTION: use the DNG converter to convert all Raw files from the SX60 HS to DNG format. Then edit the DNG files in CS5.
   Camera Raw: How to use Adobe DNG Converter - YouTube

See also Troubleshoot Adobe Camera Raw Compatibility Photoshop Lightroom

You need Camera Raw 8.7. Camera Raw 8.7 is only available   in  Photoshop CS6 and later versions.

Check below link for the Camera model and compatible Camera raw version.

https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/kb/camera-raw-plug-supported-cameras.html