Arabic diacritics in front of base characters?

I just want to say nice work, Mana, capturing the content from Tuesday so that we can pick it right back up here! You were one of the people I worried about when I learned that morning that we would lose recent threads for six weeks.

You must to use InDesign ME Version to Direct Control the Arabic Diacritic using Diacritic Positioning Palette as in the screen shot :
 

but if you dont want to use the ME version you can use scripts to solve your problem, i will provide you with two script works on the selected text 
 

//Set Diacritic Offsets Prompt for Selected Text
// Created by : Mohammad Hasanin
// https://hasaninscripts.com/

function main() {

    var text = app.activeDocument.selection[0];
    if (
        text != undefined
        && text.hasOwnProperty('xOffsetDiacritic')
    ) {

        var xd = Number(prompt('Enter horizontal diacritic offset:', text.xOffsetDiacritic,'Set Diacritic Horizontal Offsets')),
            yd = Number(prompt('Enter vertical diacritic offset:', text.yOffsetDiacritic,'Set Diacritic Vertical Offsets'));

        if (!isNaN(xd))
            text.xOffsetDiacritic = xd;

        if (!isNaN(yd))
            text.yOffsetDiacritic = yd;
    }

}

app.doScript(main, ScriptLanguage.JAVASCRIPT, undefined, UndoModes.ENTIRE_SCRIPT, 'Set Diacritic Offsets');

also you can use palette interactive version :
 

// Move Diacritics v1.0
// Created by : Mohammad Hasanin
// https://hasaninscripts.com/

#targetengine "hasanain"

var myPalette = new Window("palette", "Move Diacritics v1.0", undefined, {closeButton: true});
myPalette.preferredSize.width = 150;

var rightButton = myPalette.add("button", undefined, "\u2192");
rightButton.onClick = function() {
  app.activeDocument.selection[0].xOffsetDiacritic += 10
}

var leftButton = myPalette.add("button", undefined, "\u2190");
leftButton.onClick = function() {
    app.activeDocument.selection[0].xOffsetDiacritic -= 10
}

var upButton = myPalette.add("button", undefined, "\u2191");
upButton.onClick = function() {
  app.activeDocument.selection[0].yOffsetDiacritic += 10
}

var downButton = myPalette.add("button", undefined, "\u2193");
downButton.onClick = function() {
  app.activeDocument.selection[0].yOffsetDiacritic -= 10
}

var CreatorWeb = myPalette.add("statictext", undefined,"https://hasaninscripts.com/");
CreatorWeb.alignment = "Center";

// Set the size and position of the buttons
rightButton.size = [30, 30];
rightButton.bounds = [10, 10, 40, 40];
leftButton.size = [30, 30];
leftButton.bounds = [50, 10, 80, 40];
upButton.size = [30, 30];
upButton.bounds = [90, 10, 120, 40];
downButton.size = [30, 30];
downButton.bounds = [130, 10, 160, 40];

myPalette.show();

As I wrote in the old forum, please provide a snippet or document.

When I follow your instructions and copy paste the text the ring is far away and the text direction is reversed because of LTR.

There is no diacritic positioning or RTL support in western InDesign UI, and even if there were one can never know which other attributes or “obvious” settings are missing.

Having no real examples around is a severe limitation when attempting to support foreign scripts. For comparison imagine you’d be asked to whip up a representative example with named grids and ruby - that would be Japanese InDesign.