Can InDesign create dynamic QR codes that can be updated after export?

The URL in a QR code is always static. You can redirect a URL wherever you want. How you determine the static URL and redirect is up to you. 

If you mean you want the URL I have found you can enter a URL from any QR generator website that allows for dynamic QR codes and through there you can change its destination and it lets you look at the scans

You can change the behavior of the URL specified in your QR code all you want at any time, if I understand your question correctly.