Certain characters don't display

Select one of the characters and take a screen shot of the text and also of the Control panel. In this screenshot, I have Adelle Sans, but am missing the Bold version. You can see square brackets around the [Bold], but not the Typeface.

The font designer decides which glyphs they want to design, and most fonts don't have every glyph. For example, some don't even have lower-case letters because they are designed for headlines. Some only have Latin characters, while others include Cyrillic. I don't use Word enough to tell you why a font in Word wouldn't be available to InDesign, but maybe it has it's own Fonts folder. InDesign has a Fonts folder, and if you put a font into it, it will be available for InDesign to use, but not other programs. For that, you would need the font to be inside one of the operating system's fonts folders.