Assuming you're using Place, as Steve advises, there are often glitches in Word files that can halt automatic page reflow. Your content is likely there, but lost in 'overset text' that is not displayed on additional pages.
First, check to see if this is the case. If you Place (not paste in!) a Word doc and only get some of the pages, go to the last page and select the text frame. Is there an overflow indicator (red + icon) at the bottom right? Then your content is "lost" — waiting to flow — beyond what you see.
A quick and somewhat messy fix is to put the cursor at the last point in text you can see, and start deleting until you've deleted whatever Word element caused the backup. It's not unusual to delete just a few pictures and then suddenly have the rest of the file flow into place. You will, of course, have to reconstruct the deleted material, which might include index markers, footnotes, etc. If nothing else, this is a quick test that can help you locate the faulty point in the Word doc; exit the ID doc without saving, and you will have lost nothing.
You can then go to your Word doc and fix whatever element there seems to be the hangup point.
A more general fix is to clean up the Word doc first. When both Word and ID are edited over a long time, in many sessions and saves, they accumulate tons of junk in the attic, loads of material for undo and format display and other things. Clearing out this junk can often fix problems.
Save the Word file as RTF, then open it and save under a different name as DOCX. One of those two files should load properly into InDesign, since all of the "garbage" will have been purged and other little fixes accomplished. (Some argue that DOC is more reliable; you can try saving in that format as well to give you three import options.)
In general, it's a good idea to save Word docs using Save-As and a new, iterative name to purge them of this accumulated junk. Doing it to create a daily archive version of a large project is a good idea. When you start your ID project, it's the same thing: do a Save-As at least once a day to purge the file. (And then there's a third step: if an InDesign doc ever gives you trouble with export or footnotes or TOC generation or other operations that rely on the document structure, export it to IDML, then open that and save as INDD again, under a new name. That both does the 'junk purge' and rewrites the document structurally, fixing all kinds of little broken bits.)
But for now, try the two methods above to see if that clears your Place blockage. It's not at all uncommon for a broken link or hidden text or the like to cause that stoppage, and both the 'delete' method and the 'purge' method can fix it.
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