How do I keep checkboxes and form fields inline with text during editing?

Sure. Make a text frame and enter your form labels as regular text. Make the frame wide enough to hold the form fields. Create the form fields and drag them over, near the labels.

Next, hold down the Shift key and drag the blue box upper right on the form fields, one at a time, to the right of the last letter of the label. That anchors them inline, which is what you want. The blue box turns into a little anchor icon.

Before:

After:

You'll likely need to tweak the placement a little, such as add a little air between the label and the field. The form field is acting like any character at this point, since it's anchored inline. Click after the label text and hit the spacebar or tab as necessary to push the field away, as I've done above. You can use the selection tool to drag the form field up and down the baseline.

Now when you edit the text of the form label, the form field moves with the edits.

Hope that helps!

AM