@nmegraphics,
On behalf of Adobe …
It is absolutely horrible when you have a situation in which files are inexplicably gone from your computer. That is exactly why all computer professionals continually advise computer users to backup their systems and especially data files early and often. If you are working on a particular project in any Adobe application, it is prudent to “save a copy” of whatever you are working on often while you are working (perhaps every hour or so, possibly even more frequently if making major changes) and preferably to a different folder/directory.
Your backups should be to a separate disk drive that is only connected while doing the backup, otherwise stored away from you computer (so-called “ransomware” for example will encrypt backups that are either on the computer's hard drive or a on an external drive connected to the infected system). When it comes to preserving your data, being paranoid is really good!
As other very knowledgeable and respected community members have told you in their responses, there is absolutely no function in any Adobe application that deletes user data files. The fact that you are claiming issues with Photoshop as well further validates these responses. There is no “OS update or Adobe update” that is going to resolve your lost file problem. Why are your files disappearing? All we can do is guess. Maybe one or more components of your system's hardware has become unstable (memory, disk, etc.). Maybe there is a virus on your system. You should have a reliable professional totally checkout your system. But given all the weird symptoms you describe, once the system is totally checked out and any problems fixed, it may be prudent to fully reformat your system disk and restore it from a known, reliable backup. If you only backup your data files, you may need to reload the operating system and applications from scratch and then bring back the data files from the backup.
I know that this is all very time consuming and aggrevating. Everyone here sympathizes with your plight, but again this is not an issue of Adobe software. Hoping that you can quickly and successfully get your system checked out, fully reloaded with operating system and applications, and restore your data files from your backups.
At this point, I think that this thread has run its course.