Interface elements incredibly too small

As discussed elsewhere, the UI Scaling for InDesign on Windows is a hot mess despite years of complaints about it. If you can't match the scaling to the O/S scaling it simply doesn't work at all.

That means you set the O/S at 100%, 150% or 200%. Nothing else works and heaven help you if have two monitors with different scaling.

That scaling is still based on Windows Vista technology. While the Illustrator and Photoshop team managed to figure it out---the scaling there is quite good---The InDesign team either doesn't care or have not been directed to do anything about it.

They won't even provide an explanation so you'll need to learn to live with this.