On behalf of Adobe…
There is absolutely nothing wrong with the PDF file you posted. I have fully validated if with all relevant Acrobat Pro DC preflight tests. And I have printed it successfully from both Windows and MacOS to both PostScript and non-PostScript printers without any issues whatsoever.
As Bob Levine responded, there is absolutely no advantage to fully embedding a font in a PDF file other than wasting disk space. That is not the issue here.
The three critical issues here are:
(1) What PDF viewer is being used? Even if the user has Acrobat or Adobe Reader installed, if they view the PDF in a browser all bets are off since many of the browsers now block totally (Chrome and Microsoft Edge) or by option (Safari) PDF-viewing plug-ins. Many non-Adobe viewers are problematic with anything other than the simplest PDF saved from simple Word files.
(2) For non-PostScript printers, the printer drivers may be problematic, especially but not necessarily on el-cheapo printers since for such printers, the driver gets involved in text output and InDesign-generated PDF for text using ligatures and OpenType features could get fairly complex. Check for driver updates.
(3) And yes, it could be a printer issue itself, although the page shown is not particularly graphically-complex.
- Dov