Shorten filename when publish online

Don't think you can 

But you can use a URL Shortener

Bitly
TinyURL
Rebrandly

Redirect from Your Own Domain
If you have a website, you can create a custom short URL using a redirect:

Example: yourdomain.com/catalogue2024 then Redirects to the long InDesign URL.

Custom Branded Short Links
I think Rebrandly allow you to use a custom domain for short links like yourbrand.link/new-brochure