I've gathered this information from the Adobe help files and from info posted throughout the InDesign forum by many ACPs. (Thanks to Barb Binder for her review.)

Try these options in order and check to see if problem has gone away after each option.

Easy Options to Try First

Option 1: Reset InDesign's preferences

To do this, start InDesign and immediately hold down the modifier keys. You will see a confirmation dialog box if your timing was correct. If InDesign just starts up as normal, quit and try again—but faster!

• Windows: Control-Alt-Shift
• Macintosh: Command-Control-Alt-Shift

Option 2: Delete Cached Data Folders

Windows: Turn on Hidden Items under the View section of the File Explorer.

• Go to: C:\Users\~UserName\AppData
  • Once there, continue to: \Roaming\Adobe\InDesign\Version [#] and delete* folder contents.
  • Back out to the AppData folder and go to: \Local\Adobe\InDesign\Version [#] and delete* the folder contents.

Macintosh: View the hidden user Library folder holding down the Option key and selecting the Go menu while at the Finder.

• After the user Library folder opens, navigate to:
  • Once there, continue to: Preferences/Adobe InDesign/Version [#]  and delete* the folder contents.
  • Back out to the Library folder and go to: Caches/Adobe InDesign/Version [#] and delete* the folder contents.

*Note: You may want to make a back up of these folders up before deleting them.

If the problem persists, time to do a few of tests:

Tests

These tests are to [try to] determine if the problem is with the computer, the software, or the file. These tests are not in any particular order.

If you can eliminate the computer and software, you probably have a corrupt or soon to be corrupt file.

Test A: Isolate Problems with the File

• Create a new file (or two) using the same workflow methodology.
  • If the problem goes away, it could be a corrupt file.
• Save the problem file as an IDML file
  • reopen the IDML file and Save As a INDD file.
  • If problem goes away, keep good backups and check all the graphics for possible corruption.

Test B: Try Another Computer

• If the problem goes away when using another computer, the problem may be:
  • The operating system on the other computer—this includes font problems.
  • A corruption during the install of the InDesign software or plugin.
  • Some leftover user files that were not removed.

Test C: Create New User (on original computer)

• Create a new user and log in as the new user
• Run InDesign, open the file
  • Package the files over to the shared Public folders, use a server, or use a flash drive.
• If it does not persist, the problem is somewhere in the user's cache files.
• If it does, the problem is probably with InDesign or the operating system.
  • This is assuming you did the IDML test already.

More Complex Options

Option 4: Uninstall the App and Reinstall

• User the Creative Cloud app to remove InDesign. When asked, remove preferences.
• Reinstall InDesign.
• See if problem goes away; if not, continue to option 5.

Option 5: Use Adobe CC Cleaner

• Download and install Adobe Creative Cloud Cleaner tool at:
  https://helpx.adobe.com/creative-cloud/kb/cc-cleaner-tool-installation-problems.html
• Follow the instructions and remove InDesign completely.
• Reinstall when finished.

Option 6: Repair the OS

This is beyond the scope of this information. Generally, both Windows and Macintosh have methods to repair or replace the OS during the start up procedure. Best to Google the process. (Print it out so you will have it in front of you during the process.)