Analyse picture adjustments for personal presets

Yeah best would be to do this outside of Lightroom by querying the SQL database and doing your analysis there. That shouldn't be very hard but probably not something that can be done quickly. You can also look into Jeffrey Friedl's excellent plugins. He has a plugin that can do more or less what you are looking for called Data Explorer: http://regex.info/blog/lightroom-goodies/data-explorer which can show you basically a histogram of the number of images in a selection tbased on clarity settings and to for example select those images with a certain range of clarity settings.

I can't imagine Adobe building anything like this into the software. What might be an interesting idea is to have a built in AI doing machine learning on your image settings to basically arrive at an AI that can automatically apply your style. Basically the auto button but personalized and based on your style and not on the photographers they used to train the built-in AI. That would be quite neat but if Adobe does something like that I'd imagine it showing up in Lightroom Cloudy and not in Classic.

Try this plugin.  It looks like what you need.  There is a youtube video that shows what it does on the linked page.  

https://www.photographers-toolbox.com/products/lightroomstatistics/photosettingsviewer/

"Because Lightroom is based on a database, it should be relatively easy to get evaluations via image settings."

I guess the answer depends on your definition of "relatively easy". If you know how to write SQL code and you know where these things are stored in the Lightroom database, yep, "relatively easy". Otherwise, not so easy.