No, there is no easy/automatic way.
Yes, I do something similar to what Rob_Cullen does: I manually add Lightroom Classic images to a Photoshop document as linked Smart Objects. Having them as linked Smart Objects makes a two-way edit link possible:
If you edit any of the images in Lightroom Classic and use the Save Metadata to File command to save/update the images’ metadata outside of the catalog (e.g. XMP sidecar files or DNG embedded metadata), when you switch to Photoshop those changes can be picked up by Photoshop and applied to the linked raw Smart Objects. (If that doesn’t happen, you can manually have Photoshop update the linked Smart Objects.)
If you edit any of the linked raw Smart Objects using Camera Raw in Photoshop, that also changes a raw file’s metadata, so in Lightroom Classic you can select that image and use the Read Metadata from File command to update the instance in the catalog (although this is quirky).
It sounds like you don’t really need the changes returned to Lightroom Classic, but you do want to change images in bulk and have them update in Photoshop. To do that, this is one way (most of this is the same as what Rob_Cullen showed with his screen shots):
1. In Lightroom Classic, select the images you want to use in Photoshop and choose Photo > Save Metadata to File. This makes sure the current Lightroom Classic edits can be seen by Camera Raw in Photoshop. It’s a necessary step when manually using Lightroom Classic raw images in Photoshop (compared to using one of the Photo > Edit In commands where the edits are automatically included).
2. Add the images to the Photoshop document using the command File > Place Linked.* (You can’t use any commands in Lightroom Classic because I think the ones that send to Photoshop as a Smart Objects all create embedded Smart Objects, which won’t work for this.)
3. When you need to make a bulk change, such as applying a preset, select the images in Lightroom Classic and apply it.
4. Leave those same images selected, and choose Photo > Save Metadata to File.
5. Switch to Photoshop. Camera Raw should notice the metadata changes and update the images. If it doesn’t, you can choose Layer > Smart Objects > Update Modified Content.
I think this will be easier than any method of automating a batch edit in Photoshop, although I could be wrong.
*I’m on a Mac where the Place Linked dialog box lets me select only one image. To get around this, I drag multiple selected images directly from the Lightroom Classic grid/filmstrip and drop them in the Photoshop document window while holding down the Option key, then confirm each import. That way I can import many images at once. However, the reason I didn’t include this tip in step 1 is that your post is marked Windows, and I have heard that this time-saving multiple-image drag-and-drop technique doesn’t work in Windows, but you should try just in case it does work. Or, try dragging and dropping multiple images directly from a folder in Windows Explorer in case that works. If either way works, hold down the Alt key while dragging so that they’re placed as linked Smart Objects. If you drop the images into the Photoshop document without any key pressed, they drop into the Photoshop document window as embedded Smart Objects.