I have just had a similar problem- Nothing starts visibly except for intense hard-drive activity. No error messages. Repeat clicking of the LrC start icon results in multiple listings of LrC in Task Manager.
For some reason (went for a cuppa?) I let it continue with its disk activity thinking it might be a scheduled backup and eventually after about 10-15minutes it finally opened my catalog.
Since then the catalog has been opening and closing as normal, or even faster to open.
So I don’t have any answers and cannot explain what happened. These glitches are sent to try us!