Printing different folders of images

Yes, it should be no problem at all. Both Lightroom Classic and macOS queue print jobs in the background, so that you can continue working in the foreground.

In Lightroom Classic, after you click Print, the job is queued for background processing by Lightroom Classic so that you can do something else without waiting. By clicking the identity plate to reveal the progress panel, you can monitor progress just as you can monitor background processes for importing, converting, exporting, and so on which also appear in that panel. In my example, I sent off a large print job, and then sent two more, so you see three print jobs in various stages of background rendering by Lightroom Classic.

As each print job exits the application, the next stop is the macOS printing queue, which sequences print jobs received from any applications on your computer to any printers connected to your computer. Shown below are the three jobs received by macOS from Lightroom Classic, which are now lining up in macOS Print Center for the final trip to the printer.

For Microsoft Windows PCs, I think it works the same way. Background printing queues have been a standard feature on both macOS and Windows for many years.