How to replicate Apple Photos 'Smart Albums' - Not in an album

Hello - I have come to LR from Apple Photos.  50k+ family photo library.  It is helpful when organizing to know if a photo is NOT already in an album.  Apple had a 'Smart Album' feature where you could select photos that were either taken in a certain date period or NOT already in an existing album.   Does LR have the ability to search for things such as this?