Latest Update deleted all my photos after hitting Remove

What EXACT version of LR are you using?

The Traditional version, Desktop version, LR Classic CC?

Or the newer Cloud Centric LR CC for desktop computers and Mobile devices?

The screen shots posted above are from the Cloud Centric version, I think, as I've never seen those in the traditional version.

Selecting Remove only removes the images selected from the LR Catalog File and leaves them where they are stored on the hard drive. But that also removes any edits you may have done on them.

Ctrl + A (Lower case a) Selects All Images. If I had All Photos selected in the catalog section or one of the folders in the Folders section of LR Classic CC and hit Ctrl + a then hit the Delete key a dialog would pop up asking if I wanted to Remove or Delete from disk the selected images.

Have you looked in All Photos?

The remove button usually removes images from an album; but not the original.

If you delete from all photos a warning is given that originals will be removed from the cloud and all devices.

Try from a browser logging-in to your web app to see the true position in the cloud:

https://lightroom.adobe.com/