Can't save/load resource organizer in Photoshop 2025, but Illustrator works fine

I'm getting this error in Photoshop 2025 on macOS Monterey when trying to save to the cloud or access the resource organizer: "We can't load the resource organizer right now. Make sure all Adobe domains and subdomains are allowed on your network."

Illustrator, using the same account and same device, syncs to the cloud with no issues.

I've already tried: checking hosts file, DNS, proxy, and firewall (all clean), confirmed successful TLS connection directly to Adobe's servers, fully uninstalled and reinstalled Photoshop, verified Full Disk Access permissions, and reset the CoreSync service/cache. The error persists exactly the same.

Any ideas on what else could cause this?