Export Variable files with the name of top layer's content

The following Photoshop script will rename a single open file in Photoshop.

Note that it's assumed that there are no illegal filename characters in the layer name. Use at your own risk.

#target photoshop
var theFile = File(activeDocument.fullName);
var theExt = app.activeDocument.name.replace(/(.+)(\.[^\.]+$)/, '$2');
var topLayerName = app.activeDocument.layers[0].name;
app.activeDocument.close(SaveOptions.DONOTSAVECHANGES);
theFile.rename(topLayerName + theExt);

Untested: The script execution could be recorded into an action, and then the action could be run via the batch command on multiple open files.

EDIT - This one will batch-process all selected files:

/*
Rename Selected Files to Top Text Layer Name.jsx
v1.0 - 23rd August 2024, Stephen Marsh
https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/export-variable-files-with-the-name-of-top-layer-s-content/td-p/14815858
*/

#target photoshop

    (function () {

        try {

            if (app.documents.length === 0) {

                var savedDisplayDialogs = app.displayDialogs;

                var selectFiles = File.openDialog("Select the file/s:", Multiselect = true);
                if (selectFiles === null) {
                    return;
                }

                for (var i = 0; i < selectFiles.length; i++) {
                    app.open(File(selectFiles[i]));
                    if (app.activeDocument.layers[0].kind == LayerKind.TEXT) {
                        var theFile = File(app.activeDocument.fullName);
                        var theExt = app.activeDocument.name.replace(/(.+)(\.[^\.]+$)/, '$2');
                        var topLayerName = app.activeDocument.layers[0].name;
                        app.activeDocument.close(SaveOptions.DONOTSAVECHANGES);
                        theFile.rename(topLayerName + theExt);
                    } else {
                        alert("The top layer isn't a text layer!")
                        app.activeDocument.close(SaveOptions.DONOTSAVECHANGES);
                    }
                }

                app.displayDialogs = savedDisplayDialogs;
                app.beep();

            } else {
                alert('Please close all open documents before running this script!');
            }

        } catch (err) {
            alert("Error!" + "\r" + err + "\r" + 'Line: ' + err.line);
        }

    })();

Work on copies to ensure that the files are renamed correctly, if not you can always delete the misnamed copies.

Note that it's assumed that there are no illegal filename characters in the layer name. Use at your own risk.

The following ExifTool command line code will rename the files using the top layer name:

exiftool '-filename<${Photoshop:LayerNames;s/(^.+)(, )(.+$)/$3/}.%e' 

Notice that there is a word space at the end of the code (indicated with the underline). After this space, you would drag the files or the folder containing the files into the command prompt window to complete the path and then press return to execute the command. MS Windows would use double-straight " quotes rather than single as used on the Mac.

This should also be possible using a script for Photoshop, however, it will be more complicated.

@Zipser31550168t845 

Can you please post at least two different screenshots of the layers panel for each PSD file?

Or provide a sample PSD, which could be cropped or resized to 1px in size as only the layers are critical.

EDIT: Are you using the first variable spreadsheet column to name your files?

https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/photoshop-datasets-changing-the-output-name-according-to-a-variable-in-a-dataset/m-p/11720978