Now, we have a test document that is similar to the actual test data. Created in version 2023(24.7.2).
If we could get eight font names from this entire document, we would be satisfied.
Until the client pointed it out to me, I had not imagined that there would be cases where different fonts would be used from layers within a group or from the middle of a single text layer. It can actually happen..
thanks.

I am afraid there may be a more general bug.
Even if I copy a word from a Type Layer (set up with a Paragraph Style) and paste it into a new Type Layer in a new document the font the Paragraph Style-Font appears to be disregarded and I get Myriad Pro-Regular.
As I generally don’t do type-heavy work in Photoshop I hadn’t noticed so far.
Maybe UXP Scripting can access the font properties in a »better« way than ExtendScript.