How to Resize Images in Photoshop

This looks like something you could do quickly using copies of the layer stretched and each set to different Opacity or color tints. Steps used in the demo below: 

1. In the Layers panel, drag the layer to the New Layer icon to make a copy. Repeat for as many copies as you need. 

2. Select the next layer down from the top. 

3. Stretch it using any non-proportional method you like. The demo uses two different methods:

• Dragging: With Show Transform Controls on, I drag a side handle of the layer while holding down Alt/Option to transform from center and Shift to disable proportional scaling. 
• With numbers: With a Transform command active (such as Edit > Free Transform or Edit > Transform > Scale), in the options bar I click to disable the proportional scaling icon, then enter a larger W (width) value. This can also be done in the Transform section of the Properties panel. If you need precise or consistent scaling of each copy, this method is probably better than dragging to resize. 

4. Change the appearance of that layer. I lowered Opacity, but depending on your composition you might apply a lighter tint or less saturated same hue instead. 

5. Repeat step 2 down through the other layer copies until you’re done. 

If you do this a lot, you might be able to record these steps as an action (macro) or write a script for it.

Resizing is done proportionally to the entire image. You example looks like you want the sides stretched but the center to remain unchanged, is that correct?