Everything is turned off in the View>Show menu. I have tried the AI suggestions, including resetting Photoshop's Toolbar, but nothing works.
By @Barnack7
I was about to agree with the correct answer from DFosse until I caught that you wrote that everything is unchecked in View > Show. When you use Command+H (View > Extras), what is supposed to happen is that everything that is enabled in View > Show is toggled. The items that are not checked never appear.
The other part of his reply is to suggest a corrupt Preferences file, and that is most likely your issue. If you rename the file, then a new one will be created on relaunch. If it doesn't solve your issue, then you can retrieve the original file. Back up any customization first! Follow the steps here to back up preferences and to reset preferences. Also, read the note about viewing hidden files on macOS, as this is a hidden file.
https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/preferences.html
No surprises from me that you got no help from Artificial Intelligence! When I search with Google to find a weblink to help users on the forum, I try to glance at the AI reponse at the top of every search page so I can have a brief moment of horror. Almost without fail, there is misinformation or obsolete information.
Please let us know if this solves your issue or if you need more help.
Jane