@Trevor.DennisBoth the shortcut and the toolbar icon don’t work. Whenever I try to use the Rotate tool, a forbidden icon appears on my screen (my layer isn’t hidden or locked).

OK. Back to basics then. Rotate Canvas needs GPU acceleration to be enabled, and you have showed us that it is turned on, so let's think about the driver. Are you using the Studio or Game Ready driver? The Studio driver works best with Photoshop.
You'vr tried restting Preferences. Did you do that from within Preferences, or use the maunual method. If the former try again using this link.
https://helpx.adobe.com/ie/photoshop/using/preferences.html#Manually
Also try selecting the Essentials workspace, and then resetting it. That should get you to a default state, (although this should be accomplished withg a manual preference reset.
My gut says this is GPU related though. People have fixed this in the past by setting Deactivate Native Canvas, for instance, but that option is no longer available. If you are using an RTX4070 then then the 'Older GPU' option should not be relevant, but I think we are desperate enough to try it. Restart Photoshop after setting it.
Give those a try, and we'll keep fingers crossed.