I'm not able to make a selection with script to some of specific colors

In general, it seems that ColorRange processes all your colors in Lab mode, regardless of what mode it was given input colors.

He still converts them to Lab. And it does it on the same algorithm as Eyedropper.

This algorithm (the conversion of RGB to Lab) is different from what happens when executing such code.

var c0 = new SolidColor();
c0.model = ColorModel.LAB; 
c0.rgb.red=109;
c0.rgb.green=225;
c0.rgb.blue=147;
var c1 = new SolidColor();
c1.model = ColorModel.RGB; 
c1.rgb.red=109;
c1.rgb.green=225;
c1.rgb.blue=147;
alert(c0.lab.l.toFixed(4) + " " + c0.lab.a.toFixed(4) + " " + c0.lab.b.toFixed(4)+ "\n" +
      c1.lab.l.toFixed(4) + " " + c1.lab.a.toFixed(4) + " " + c1.lab.b.toFixed(4))

In addition, it depends on the file's profile and bit depth.

In Lab mode 16 bit, ColorRange with Fzns = 0 does not work at all adequately

For your case, you can upgrade the code like this. At least on your two colors works in RGB8 or RGB16 mode with different profiles.

var chercheCouleur = new SolidColor();
chercheCouleur.model = ColorModel.LAB; 
chercheCouleur.rgb.red=109;
chercheCouleur.rgb.green=225;
chercheCouleur.rgb.blue=147;
//chercheCouleur.rgb.red=4;
//chercheCouleur.rgb.green=99;
//chercheCouleur.rgb.blue=138;
selectColorRange(chercheCouleur);
function selectColorRange(scObj)
{
    var desc = new ActionDescriptor();
    desc.putInteger( charIDToTypeID( "Fzns" ), 0 );
    var cDesc = new ActionDescriptor();
    cDesc.putDouble( charIDToTypeID( "Lmnc" ), scObj.lab.l );
    cDesc.putDouble( charIDToTypeID( "A   " ), scObj.lab.a );
    cDesc.putDouble( charIDToTypeID( "B   " ), scObj.lab.b );
    desc.putObject( charIDToTypeID( "Mnm " ), charIDToTypeID( "LbCl" ), cDesc );
    var cDesc = new ActionDescriptor();
    cDesc.putDouble( charIDToTypeID( "Rd  " ), scObj.rgb.red);
    cDesc.putDouble( charIDToTypeID( "Grn " ), scObj.rgb.green);
    cDesc.putDouble( charIDToTypeID( "Bl  " ), scObj.rgb.blue );
    desc.putObject( charIDToTypeID( "Mxm " ), charIDToTypeID( "RGBC" ), cDesc );
    desc.putInteger( stringIDToTypeID( "colorModel" ), 0 );
    executeAction( charIDToTypeID( "ClrR" ), desc, DialogModes.NO );
}